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1.
Rio de Janeiro; s.n; 2022. 203 p. ilus., tab..
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1518681

ABSTRACT

Introdução: A hipotermia terapêutica é o tratamento indicado para encefalopatia moderada a grave em recém-nascidos. A terapia requer uma equipe de enfermagem capacitada e integrada, visando um cuidado qualificado, efetivo e seguro. Modelos teóricos têm sido desenvolvidos para auxiliar a incorporação de evidências científicas à prática dos enfermeiros, representando um desafio na área da saúde. A implementação de uma intervenção educativa, guiada pela estrutura i-PARIHS (Estrutura Integrada de Promoção da Ação na Implementação de Pesquisa em Serviços de Saúde), poderá preencher a lacuna entre a teoria e a prática, beneficiando a assistência e tornando os sujeitos ativos no manejo do recém-nascido em hipotermia terapêutica. Objetivo geral: avaliar o impacto de uma intervenção educativa, guiada pelo referencial teórico i-PARIHS, sobre o manejo do recém-nascido com asfixia perinatal em hipotermia terapêutica na unidade intensiva neonatal no conhecimento, atitudes e práticas de enfermeiros. Objetivos específicos: analisar o conhecimento, atitude e prática dos enfermeiros sobre o manejo do recém-nascido com asfixia perinatal em hipotermia terapêutica pré e pós-intervenção educativa; identificar as barreiras e facilitadores percebidos pelos enfermeiros sobre o manejo do recém-nascido com asfixia perinatal em hipotermia terapêutica na unidade intensiva neonatal; implementar uma intervenção educativa, guiada pelo referencial i-PARIHS, para melhorar o conhecimento, a atitude e a prática dos enfermeiros sobre o manejo do recém-nascido com asfixia perinatal em hipotermia terapêutica na unidade intensiva neonatal; comparar o conhecimento, atitude e prática dos enfermeiros após a intervenção educativa e os indicadores quanto ao manejo do recém-nascido com asfixia perinatal em hipotermia terapêutica. Método: trata-se de um estudo de intervenção, do tipo quase-experimental, realizado com 29 enfermeiros de uma unidade intensiva neonatal, referência no Rio de Janeiro. O desfecho principal: conhecimento, atitudes e práticas dos enfermeiros no manejo do recém-nascido com asfixia perinatal em hipotermia terapêutica na unidade intensiva neonatal A intervenção compreendeu três fases: pré-intervenção - intervenção educativa- pós-intervenção. A intervenção educativa contou com cinco encontros: "Asfixia Perinatal x Hipotermia Terapêutica", "Controle da temperatura", "Cuidados de enfermagem na HT: avaliação de dor", "Monitoramento neurológico" e "Cuidado Centrado na Família". Para a análise estatística utilizou-se de análise descritiva e aplicação dos testes Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney e Mc Nemar, sendo o nível de significância adotado de 0,05. Resultados: a análise dos resultados do pré e pós-teste demonstrou um incremento no escore de acertos das questões sobre conhecimento, atitude e prática dos enfermeiros no manejo do recém-nascido submetido à hipotermia terapêutica na unidade intensiva neonatal, apresentando significância estatística para a maioria dos itens. Para a inovação foram construídos lembretes, fluxo de admissão para recém-nascido da instituição e uma cartilha para os pais como produto da intervenção com os enfermeiros. Conclusão: O resultado das auditorias realizadas, após a implementação das evidências, constatou uma transformação positiva da prática dos enfermeiros. A utilização da estrutura i-PARIHS evidenciou a necessidade e o valor de investir no engajamento das partes interessadas, na avaliação colaborativa do contexto e na cocriação de inovação usando facilitação qualificada. A intervenção educativa, guiada pela estrutura i-PARIHS, mostrou ter impacto no manejo do recém-nascido submetido à hipotermia terapêutica por enfermeiros.


Introduction: Therapeutic hypothermia is the currently indicated treatment for moderate to severe encephalopathy in newborns. Therapy requires a trained and integrated nursing team, aiming at qualified, effective and safe care. Theoretical models have been developed to help the incorporation of scientific evidence into nurses' practice, representing a challenge in the health area. The implementation of an educational intervention, guided by the i-PARIHS (Integrated Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services Framework) framework, can fill the gap between theory and professional practice, benefiting care and making subjects active in the management of newborns with therapeutic hypothermia. General objective: to evaluate the impact of an educational intervention guided by the theoretical framework i-PARIHS, on the management of newborns with perinatal asphyxia in therapeutic hypothermia in the neonatal intensive care unit on the knowledge, attitudes and practices of nurses. Specific objectives: to analyze the knowledge, attitude and practice of nurses on the management of newborns with perinatal asphyxia in pre- and post-educational therapeutic hypothermia; to identify barriers and facilitators perceived by nurses on the management of newborns with perinatal asphyxia in therapeutic hypothermia in the neonatal intensive care unit; implement an educational intervention, guided by the i-PARIHS framework, to improve nurses' knowledge, attitude and practice on the management of newborns with perinatal asphyxia in therapeutic hypothermia in the neonatal intensive care unit and compare the knowledge, attitude and practice of nurses after the participatory educational intervention program and indicators regarding the management of newborns with perinatal asphyxia in therapeutic hypothermia. Method: this is a quasi-experimental intervention study carried out with 29 nurses from a neonatal intensive care unit, a reference in Rio de Janeiro. The main outcome: knowledge, attitudes and practices of nurses in the management of newborns with perinatal asphyxia in therapeutic hypothermia in the neonatal intensive unit The intervention comprised three phases: pre-intervention - educational intervention - post-intervention. The educational intervention had five meetings: "Perinatal Asphyxia x Therapeutic Hypothermia", "Temperature control", "Nursing care in HT: pain assessment", "Neurological monitoring" and "Family-Centered Care". For the statistical analysis, descriptive analysis and application of the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney and Mc Nemar tests were used, with the adopted significance level of 0.05. Results: the analysis of pre- and post-test results showed an increase in the correct score of questions about nurses' knowledge and practices in the management of newborns submitted to therapeutic hypothermia in the neonatal intensive care unit, showing statistical significance for most items. For innovation, reminders, admission flow for newborns at the institution and a booklet for parents were created as a product of the intervention with nurses. Conclusion: The result of the audits carried out, after the implementation of the evidence, found a positive transformation of the nurses' practice. Using the i-PARIHS framework highlighted the need and value of investing in stakeholder engagement, collaborative context assessment, and co-creation of innovation using qualified facilitation. The educational intervention guided by the i-PARIHS framework was shown to have an impact on the management of newborns with perinatal asphyxia in therapeutic hypothermia by nurses.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Adult , Asphyxia Neonatorum/therapy , Intensive Care, Neonatal , Hypothermia/therapy , Hypothermia, Induced , Asphyxia Neonatorum/nursing , Intensive Care Units, Neonatal , Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain/nursing , Hypothermia/nursing , Nurse Practitioners
2.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 65(8): 1116-1121, Aug. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1041063

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY INTRODUCTION The possibility that hypothermia has a therapeutic role during or after resuscitation from severe perinatal asphyxia has been a longstanding focus of research. Studies designed around this fact have shown that moderate cerebral hypothermia, initiated as early as possible, has been associated with potent, long-lasting neuroprotection in perinatal patients. OBJECTIVES To review the benefits of hypothermia in improving cellular function, based on the cellular characteristics of hypoxic-ischemic cerebral injury and compare the results of two different methods of cooling the brain parenchyma. METHODS Medline, Lilacs, Scielo, and PubMed were searched for articles registered between 1990 and 2019 in Portuguese and English, focused on trials comparing the safety and effectiveness of total body cooling with selective head cooling with HIE. RESULTS We found that full-body cooling provides homogenous cooling to all brain structures, including the peripheral and central regions of the brain. Selective head cooling provides a more extensive cooling to the cortical region of the brain than to the central structures. CONCLUSIONS Both methods demonstrated to have neuroprotective properties, although full-body cooling provides a broader area of protection. Recently, head cooling combined with some body cooling has been applied, which is the most promising approach. The challenge for the future is to find ways of improving the effectiveness of the treatment.


RESUMO INTRODUÇÃO A possibilidade de a hipotermia ter um papel terapêutico durante ou após a reanimação da asfixia perinatal grave tem sido um foco de pesquisa de longa data. Estudos desenhados em torno desse fato mostraram que a hipotermia cerebral moderada, iniciada o mais cedo possível, tem sido associada à neuroproteção potente e duradoura em espécies perinatais. OBJETIVOS Resumidamente, analisar os benefícios da hipotermia na melhoria da função celular, com base nas características celulares da lesão cerebral hipóxico-isquêmica e comparar os resultados de dois métodos diferentes de resfriamento do parênquima cerebral. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS Medline, Lilacs, SciELO e PubMed foram pesquisados para artigos registrados entre 1990 e 2019 nos idiomas português e inglês, com foco em estudos comparando segurança e eficácia do resfriamento corporal total com o resfriamento seletivo da cabeça com EHI. RESULTADOS Descobrimos que o resfriamento de corpo inteiro fornece resfriamento homogêneo para todas as estruturas cerebrais, incluindo as regiões periférica e central do cérebro. O resfriamento seletivo da cabeça fornece um resfriamento mais amplo para a região cortical do cérebro do que para as estruturas centrais. CONCLUSÕES Ambos os métodos demonstraram ter propriedades neuroprotetoras, embora o resfriamento de corpo inteiro forneça uma área mais ampla de proteção. Recentemente, o resfriamento da cabeça combinado com algum resfriamento corporal foi aplicado e essa é a maneira mais promissora. O desafio para o futuro é encontrar formas de melhorar a eficácia do tratamento.


Subject(s)
Humans , Asphyxia Neonatorum/therapy , Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain/prevention & control , Hypothermia, Induced/methods , Severity of Illness Index , Clinical Studies as Topic , Neuroprotection
3.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 94(3): 251-257, May-June 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-954616

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective To determine if the efficacy of passive hypothermia and adverse events during transport are related to the severity of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Methods This was a retrospective study of 67 infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, born between April 2009 and December 2013, who were transferred for therapeutic hypothermia and cooled during transport. Results Fifty-six newborns (84%) were transferred without external sources of heat and 11 (16%) needed an external heat source. The mean temperature at departure was 34.4 ± 1.4 °C and mean transfer time was 3.3 ± 2.0 h. Mean age at arrival was 5.6 ± 2.5 h. Temperature at arrival was between 33 and 35 °C in 41 (61%) infants, between 35 °C and 36.5 °C in 15 (22%) and <33 °C in 11 (16%). Infants with severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy had greater risk of having an admission temperature < 33 °C (OR: 4.5; 95% CI: 1.1-19.3). The severity of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and the umbilical artery pH were independent risk factors for a low temperature on admission (p < 0.05). Adverse events during transfer, mainly hypotension and bleeding from the endotracheal tube, occurred in 14 infants (21%), with no differences between infants with moderate or severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Conclusion The risk of overcooling during transport is greater in newborns with severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and those with more severe acidosis at birth. The most common adverse events during transport are related to physiological deterioration and bleeding from the endotracheal tube. This observation provides useful information to identify those asphyxiated infants who require closer clinical surveillance during transport.


Resumo Objetivo Determinar se a eficácia da hipotermia passiva e eventos adversos durante o transporte estão relacionados à gravidade da encefalopatia hipóxico-isquêmica neonatal. Métodos Estudo retrospectivo de 67 neonatos com encefalopatia hipóxico-isquêmica (nascidos entre abril de 2009 e dezembro de 2013) transferidos para hipotermia terapêutica e resfriados durante o transporte. Resultados Foram transportados 56 recém-nascidos (84%) sem fontes externas de calor e 11 (16%) precisaram de uma fonte externa de calor. A temperatura média na saída foi de 34,4 ± 1,4 °C e o tempo médio de transporte foi de 3,3 ± 2,0 horas. A idade média na chegada foi de 5,6 ± 2,5 horas. A temperatura na chegada ficou entre 33-35 °C em 41 (61%) neonatos, entre 35°-36,5 °C em 15 (22%) e < 33 °C em 11 (16%). Neonatos com encefalopatia hipóxico-isquêmica grave apresentaram maior risco de temperatura < 33 °C na internação (RC 4,5; IC de 95% 1,1-19,3). A gravidade da encefalopatia hipóxico-isquêmica e o pH da artéria umbilical foram fatores de risco independentes para uma baixa temperatura na internação (p < 0,05). Eventos adversos durante o transporte, principalmente hipotensão e sangramento do tubo endotraqueal, ocorreram em 14 neonatos (21%), sem diferenças entre neonatos com encefalopatia hipóxico-isquêmica moderada ou grave. Conclusão O risco de super-resfriamento durante o transporte é maior em recém-nascidos com encefalopatia hipóxico-isquêmica grave e naqueles com acidose mais grave no nascimento. Os eventos adversos mais comuns durante o transporte estão relacionados a deterioração fisiológica e sangramento do tubo endotraqueal. Essa observação fornece informações úteis para identificar neonatos asfixiados que exigem maior vigilância clínica durante o transporte.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Asphyxia Neonatorum/therapy , Transportation of Patients/statistics & numerical data , Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain/therapy , Pediatric Emergency Medicine/statistics & numerical data , Hypothermia, Induced/adverse effects , Severity of Illness Index , Retrospective Studies
4.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 51(11): e7169, 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-951729

ABSTRACT

Neonatal asphyxia occurs due to reduction in oxygen supply to vital organs in the newborn. Rapid restoration of oxygen to the lungs after a long period of asphyxia can cause lung injury and decline of respiratory function, which result from the activity of molecules that induce vascular changes in the lung such as nitric oxide (NO) and vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF). In this study, we evaluated the pulmonary and vascular morphometry of rats submitted to the model of neonatal asphyxia and mechanical ventilation, their expression of pulmonary VEGF, VEGF receptors (VEGFR-1/VEGFR-2), and endothelial NO synthase (eNOS). Neonate Sprague-Dawley rats (CEUA #043/2011) were divided into four groups (n=8 each): control (C), control submitted to ventilation (CV), hypoxia (H), and hypoxia submitted to ventilation (HV). The fetuses were harvested at 21.5 days of gestation. The morphometric variables measured were body weight (BW), total lung weight (TLW), left lung weight (LLW), and TLW/BW ratio. Pulmonary vascular measurements, VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2, VEGF, and eNOS immunohistochemistry were performed. The morphometric analysis showed decreased TLW and TLW/BW ratio in HV compared to C and H (P<0.005). Immunohistochemistry showed increased VEGFR-2/VEGF and decreased VEGFR-1 expression in H (P<0.05) and lower eNOS expression in H and HV. Median wall thickness was increased in H, and the expression of VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2, VEGF, and eNOS was altered, especially in neonates undergoing H and HV. These data suggested the occurrence of arteriolar wall changes mediated by NO and VEGF signaling in neonatal hypoxia.


Subject(s)
Animals , Asphyxia Neonatorum/therapy , Respiration, Artificial/adverse effects , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1/analysis , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2/analysis , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/analysis , Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III/analysis , Lung/pathology , Arterioles/pathology , Reference Values , Asphyxia Neonatorum/physiopathology , Asphyxia Neonatorum/pathology , Respiration, Artificial/methods , Immunohistochemistry , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Disease Models, Animal , Lung/physiopathology , Lung/blood supply
5.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 63(1): 64-69, Jan. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-842525

ABSTRACT

Summary Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy is a major complication of perinatal asphyxia, with high morbidity, mortality and neurologic sequelae as cerebral palsy, mostly in poor or developing countries. The difficulty in the diagnosis and management of newborns in these countries is astonishing, thus resulting in unreliable data on this pathology and bad outcomes regarding mortality and incidence of neurologic sequelae. The objective of this article is to present a new clinical diagnostic score to be started in the delivery room and to guide the therapeutic approach, in order to improve these results.


Resumo A encefalopatia hipóxico-isquêmica é a principal complicação da asfixia perinatal, com alta morbidade, mortalidade e incidência de sequelas neurológicas, como a paralisia cerebral, principalmente em países pobres e/ou em desenvolvimento. Nessas regiões, as dificuldades no diagnóstico e no manejo desses recém-nascidos é surpreendente, o que resulta em dados pouco confiáveis e em péssimos desfechos tanto no que se refere à mortalidade como à incidência de sequelas neurológicas. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar um novo escore para o diagnóstico clínico ser iniciado na sala de parto e uma abordagem terapêutica com o intuito de melhorar esses resultados.


Subject(s)
Humans , Asphyxia Neonatorum/diagnosis , Asphyxia Neonatorum/therapy , Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain/diagnosis , Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain/therapy , Apgar Score , Societies, Medical , Severity of Illness Index
6.
Arch. pediatr. Urug ; 87(3): 221-233, set. 2016. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-796327

ABSTRACT

Introducción: la asfixia perinatal (APN) y su consecuencia, la encefalopatía hipóxico isquémica (EHI), son responsables de la elevada morbimortalidad neonatal e infantil. El desarrollo de una estrategia integral de neuroprotección que incluya hipotermia terapéutica busca mitigar sus efectos. Objetivo: evaluar la implementación de un protocolo global de neuroprotección en un servicio de recién nacidos. Metodología: estudio monocéntrico, retrospectivo y observacional de una cohorte de pacientes que recibieron hipotermia controlada entre 2011 y 2014 internados en el Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell (CHPR). El protocolo incluyó la formación del personal de enfermería y el equipo médico así como la adecuación tecnológica a tales efectos. Resultados: 20 pacientes cumplieron con criterios de inclusión, 2/20 no completaron las 72 horas necesarias de enfriamiento por alteración de la coagulación y sangrado activo refractario y 4/20 fallecieron. El enfriamiento activo se inició con una mediana de 60 minutos, y el objetivo de 33,5°C se alcanzó con una mediana de 2 horas. Se observó hiperoxia e hipocapnia en la asistencia inicial y acidosis metabólica, hiponatremia e hiperglicemia durante el período de mantenimiento así como sobre-diagnóstico de crisis convulsivas. Los trastornos de la coagulación fueron los efectos adversos más graves. Conclusión: la implementación de un protocolo de asistencia del paciente asfíctico con EHI moderada-severa permite la introducción de hipotermia controlada como estrategia para reducir la mortalidad, colocándola en los niveles observados para los países de altos ingresos. Muestra la necesidad de mejorar la asistencia inicial, de controlar alteraciones del metabolismo ácido-base, metabolismo glucídico, del sodio y sobre todo de las alteraciones de la coagulación como los fenómenos asociados de mayor gravedad.


Introduction: perinatal asphyxia and its consequence, the hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy are responsible for the high level of morbidity (and mortality) in neonates and children. The development of a comprehensive neuroprotective strategy that includes therapeutic hypothermia, aims to mitigate its effects. Objective: our goal is to achieve the implementation of a global neuroprotection protocol in a newborn service. Methodology: monocentric, retrospective and observational study of a cohort of patients that received controlled hypothermia between 2011 and 2014 and were hospitalized in the Pereira Rossell Hospital Center (CHPR). The protocol included the training of the nursing staff and the medical team as well as the necessary technological adaptation. Results: 20 patients matched the inclusion criteria, 2/20 did not fulfill the 72 hours needed for the cooling by alteration of the coagulation and active refractory bleeding and 4/20 died. The active cooling started with a mean of 60 minutes, and the goal of 33,5°C was reached with a mean of 2 hours. Both hyperoxia and hypocapnia were observed in the initial assistance and metabolic acidosis, hyponatremia and hyperglicemia were also observed during the maintenance period, as well as over-diagnosis of convulsive crisis. Coagulation disorders were the most severe side effects. Conclusion: the implementation of a protocol of assistance of the asphyctic newborn with mild-severe HIE allows the introduction of controlled hypothermia as a strategy to reduce mortality, placing it on the levels observed in higher-income countries. It shows the need of improving the initial assistance, of controlling alterations in the acid-base metabolism, glucidic metabolism, sodium metabolism and above all, of the alterations of the coagulation as the associated phenomena of greatest severity.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Asphyxia Neonatorum/therapy , Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain/therapy , Hypothermia, Induced/adverse effects , Hypothermia, Induced/standards , Clinical Protocols , Retrospective Studies , Observational Study , Hypothermia, Induced/mortality
7.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 91(6,supl.1): S78-S83, nov.-dez. 2015. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-769807

ABSTRACT

Resumo Objetivo: A hipotermia terapêutica reduz a lesão cerebral e melhora o desfecho neurológico de recém-nascidos após insulto hipóxico isquêmico. Indicada para recém-nascidos a termo ou próximo do termo com evidência de asfixia perinatal e encefalopatia hipóxico isquêmica (EHI). Fontes dos dados: Foi feita uma procura no PubMed por publicações sobre hipotermia terapêutica em recém-nascidos com asfixia perinatal e selecionadas aquelas julgadas mais relevantes pelos autores. Síntese dos dados: Há duas técnicas de resfriamento corpóreo: hipotermia seletiva da cabeça e hipotermia corpórea total. A temperatura de resfriamento deve ser 34,5 ºC para seletiva de cabeça e 33,5 ºC para corpórea total; temperaturas inferiores a 32 ºC são menos neuroprotetoras e abaixo de 30 ºC há efeitos adversos sistêmicos graves. Indica-se o início da hipotermia terapêutica até seis horas após o nascimento, pois estudos evidenciaram que essa é a janela terapêutica da agressão hipóxico e isquêmica. A hipotermia deve ser mantida por 72 horas com rigorosa monitoração da temperatura corporal do recém-nascido. A hipotermia tem sido efetiva em reduzir sequelas neurológicas, principalmente em recém-nascidos de termo ou próximo do termo com encefalopatia hipóxico isquêmica moderada e em melhorar o prognóstico em longo prazo dos recém-nascidos com EHI. Conclusão: A hipotermia terapêutica é uma técnica neuroprotetora indicada para recém-nascidos com asfixia perinatal.


Abstract Objective: Therapeutic hypothermia reduces cerebral injury and improves the neurological outcome secondary to hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy in newborns. It has been indicated for asphyxiated full-term or near-term newborn infants with clinical signs of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). Sources: A search was performed for articles on therapeutic hypothermia in newborns with perinatal asphyxia in PubMed; the authors chose those considered most significant. Summary of the findings: There are two therapeutic hypothermia methods: selective head cooling and total body cooling. The target body temperature is 34.5 ºC for selective head cooling and 33.5 ºC for total body cooling. Temperatures lower than 32 ºC are less neuroprotective, and temperatures below 30 ºC are very dangerous, with severe complications. Therapeutic hypothermia must start within the first 6 hours after birth, as studies have shown that this represents the therapeutic window for the hypoxic-ischemic event. Therapy must be maintained for 72 hours, with very strict control of the newborn's body temperature. It has been shown that therapeutic hypothermia is effective in reducing neurologic impairment, especially in full-term or near-term newborns with moderate HIE. Conclusion: Therapeutic hypothermia is a neuroprotective technique indicated for newborn infants with perinatal asphyxia and HIE.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Hypothermia, Induced/methods , Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain/therapy , Asphyxia Neonatorum/therapy , Hypothermia, Induced/adverse effects , Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain/physiopathology , Term Birth , Treatment Outcome
8.
São Paulo med. j ; 133(4): 314-319, July-Aug. 2015. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-763372

ABSTRACT

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE:Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Studies have shown that therapeutic hypothermia decreases neurological sequelae and death. Our aim was therefore to report on a three-year experience of therapeutic hypothermia among asphyxiated newborns.DESIGN AND SETTING:Retrospective study, conducted in a university hospital.METHODS:Thirty-five patients with perinatal asphyxia undergoing body cooling between May 2009 and November 2012 were evaluated.RESULTS:Thirty-nine infants fulfilled the hypothermia protocol criteria. Four newborns were removed from study due to refractory septic shock, non-maintenance of temperature and severe coagulopathy. The median Apgar scores at 1 and 5 minutes were 2 and 5. The main complication was infection, diagnosed in seven mothers (20%) and 14 newborns (40%). Convulsions occurred in 15 infants (43%). Thirty-one patients (88.6%) required mechanical ventilation and 14 of them (45%) were extubated within 24 hours. The duration of mechanical ventilation among the others was 7.7 days. The cooling protocol was started 1.8 hours after birth. All patients showed elevated levels of creatine phosphokinase, creatine phosphokinase- MB and lactate dehydrogenase. There was no severe arrhythmia; one newborn (2.9%) presented controlled coagulopathy. Four patients (11.4%) presented controlled hypotension. Twenty-nine patients (82.9%) underwent cerebral ultrasonography and 10 of them (34.5%) presented white matter hyper-echogenicity. Brain magnetic resonance imaging was performed on 33 infants (94.3%) and 11 of them (33.3%) presented hypoxic-ischemic changes. The hospital stay was 23 days. All newborns were discharged. Two patients (5.8%) needed gastrostomy.CONCLUSION:Hypothermia as therapy for asphyxiated newborns was shown to be safe.


CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO:A encefalopatia hipóxico-isquêmica neonatal apresenta alta morbi-mortalidade. Estudos com hipotermia comprovam diminuição de sequelas neurológicas e morte. Nosso objetivo foi então relatar experiência de três anos da hipotermia terapêutica em recém-nascidos (RN) asfixiados.TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL:Estudo restrospectivo, conduzido em hospital universitário.MÉTODOS:Trinta e cinco pacientes com asfixia perinatal submetidos a resfriamento corporal entre maio de 2009 e novembro de 2012 foram avaliados.RESULTADOS:Trinta e nove RN preencheram os critérios do protocolo de hipotermia. Quatro RN foram excluídos devido a choque séptico refratário, não manutenção da temperatura e coagulopatia grave. A mediana do Apgar de 1 e 5 minutos foi de 2 e 5. A maior complicação foi infecção, diagnosticada em sete mães (20%) e 14 RN (40%). Convulsão ocorreu em 15 RN (43%). 31 pacientes (88,6%) necessitaram da ventilação mecânica e 14 (45%) foram extubados em 24 horas. O tempo de ventilação mecânica dos demais foi de 7,7 dias. O início do resfriamento ocorreu com 1,8 horas de vida. Todos os pacientes apresentaram níveis elevados de creatinofosfoquinase, creatinofosfoquinase-MB e desidrogenase lática. Não se observou arritmia grave; um RN (2,9%) apresentou coagulopatia controlada. Quatro pacientes (11,4%) tiveram hipotensão controlada. Realizou-se ultrassonografia cerebral em 29 pacientes (82,9%), 10 (34,5%) com hiperecogenicidade da substância branca. 33 RN (94,3%) fizeram ressonância magnética cerebral, 11 (33,3%) com alterações hipóxico-isquêmicas. O tempo de internação foi de 23 dias e todos receberam alta. Dois pacientes (5,8%) necessitaram de gastrostomia.CONCLUSÃO:A hipotermia como terapêutica para RN asfixiados demonstrou ser segura.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Asphyxia Neonatorum/therapy , Hypothermia, Induced/methods , Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain/therapy , Apgar Score , Brazil , Creatine Kinase/blood , Cross Infection/complications , Hospitals, University , Hypothermia, Induced/adverse effects , Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain/complications , Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain , L-Lactate Dehydrogenase/blood , Length of Stay/statistics & numerical data , Retrospective Studies , Tertiary Care Centers
10.
Montevideo; Oficina del Libro FEFMUR; 2011. 280 p. ilus.
Monography in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-763619
11.
Indian Pediatr ; 2009 Jan; 46(1): 7-9
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-10184
12.
Arch. venez. pueric. pediatr ; 71(3): 86-90, jul.-sept. 2008. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-589251

ABSTRACT

El monitoreo de la saturación de oxígeno (SO²) ha sido propuesto como indicador a fin de guiar la concentración óptima de oxígeno a ser usada al comienzo de la reanimación neonatal. Para ello, se requiere precisar los valores normales de SO² en los minutos iniciales del nacimiento. Describir los cambios posnatales inmediatos de la SO² en neonatos a término sanos. En un estudio de diseño transversal se analizaron 60 niños, 30 nacidos por vía vaginal y 30 por cesárea. Un censor de oximetría de pulso fue colocado en la mano derecha dentro del primer minuto y se obtuvo un registro de SO² hasta los 30 minutos. La SO² aumentó progresivamente en los primeros 10 minutos de vida en todos los neonatos. Los niños nacidos por cesárea sostuvieron valores de SO² más bajos a lo largo de todo el lapso de las mediciones, con diferencias significativas hasta el minuto seis. La SO² promedio durante los primeros 10 minutos fue 6 por ciento más alta en los niños de parto vaginal que en los extraídos por cesárea. El tiempo promedio global para alcanzar una SO²>90 por ciento fue 8,4 minutos, pero este período fue significativamente más prolongado en los neonatos nacidos por cesárea (10,3 minutos) que en los niños obtenidos por vía vaginal (6,1 minutos; p<0,05). La transición hacia una SO² posnatal normal requiere un lapso mayor de 6 minutos luego del parto vaginal y de 10 minutos en el nacido por cesárea. Los valores posnatales inmediatos de SO² de los neonatos sanos son inferiores a los tolerados en las unidades neonatales, lo que debería considerarse cuando se seleccionan los objetivos de la SO² durante la reanimación.


Continuous measurement of oxygen saturation (SO²) has been proposed to guide optimum oxygen concentration during neonatal resuscitation. For this reason it is important to know the normal values of SO² immediately after birth. To describe changes in SO² during the first minutes after birth in healthy term infants. In a cross-sectional study, 60 infants were analyzed and stratified into two groups according to delivery route. A sensor was placed on the right hand and SO² was registered over the first 30 minutes of life. SO² showed a gradual rise over the first 10 minutes in all infants. Infants delivered by cesarean section had significantly lower SO² values in all measurements. On average, infants born by vaginal delivery had a 6% higher SO² than infants delivered by cesarean section. Mean time to reach an SO²>90% for the whole group was 8.4 minutes, but this time was longer after cesarean delivery (10.3 minutes) than after vaginal deliver(6.1 minutes; p<0,05). SO² raises gradually during the first minutes of life in healthy term newborn infants. The time required for SO² to reach 90% was 6 and 10 minutes after vaginal and cesarean delivery, respectively. SO² values immediately after birth are lower than those usually accepted in neonatal units. This should be considered when choosing SO2 targets for infants in the delivery room.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Apgar Score , Asphyxia Neonatorum/therapy , Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn/physiopathology , Cesarean Section , Environmental Monitoring , Oximetry/methods , Respiration, Artificial/methods , Term Birth
13.
São Paulo med. j ; 126(3): 156-160, May 2008. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-489024

ABSTRACT

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: In 2002, the early neonatal mortality rate in Brazil was 12.42 per thousand live births. Perinatal asphyxia was the greatest cause of neonatal death (about 23 percent). This study aimed to evaluate the availability of the resources required for neonatal resuscitation in delivery rooms of public hospitals in Brazilian state capitals. DESIGN AND SETTING: Multicenter cross-sectional study involving 36 hospitals in 20 Brazilian state capitals in June 2003. METHODS: Each Brazilian region was represented by 1-4 percent of its live births. A local coordinator collected data regarding physical infrastructure, supplies and professionals available for neonatal resuscitation in the delivery room. The information was analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, version 10. RESULTS: Among the 36 hospitals, 89 percent were referral centers for high-risk pregnancies. Each institution had a monthly mean of 365 live births (3 percent < 1,500 g and 15 percent < 2,500 g). The 36 hospitals had 125 resuscitation tables (3-4 per hospital), all with overhead radiant heat, oxygen and vacuum sources. Appropriate equipment for pulmonary ventilation was available for more than 90 percent of the 125 resuscitation tables. On average, one pediatrician, three nurses and five nursing assistants per shift worked in the delivery rooms of each institution. Out of the 874 pediatricians and 1,037 nursing personnel that worked in the delivery rooms of the 36 hospitals, 94 percent and 22 percent, respectively, were trained in neonatal resuscitation. CONCLUSIONS: The main public maternity hospitals in Brazilian state capitals have the resources to resuscitate neonates at birth.


CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: Em 2002, a mortalidade neonatal precoce brasileira foi 12,42 para cada mil nascidos vivos e a asfixia perinatal foi responsável por 23 por cento dessas mortes. Este estudo visa avaliar a disponibilidade dos recursos necessários para a reanimação neonatal nas salas de parto de hospitais públicos brasileiros. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Estudo transversal multicêntrico de 36 maternidades, em 20 capitais brasileiras, em junho de 2003. MÉTODOS: As maternidades selecionadas em cada região brasileira representaram 1-4 por cento dos nascidos vivos da região. O coordenador local da pesquisa respondeu a um questionário estruturado com dados a respeito da estrutura física, os equipamentos e o pessoal disponível para a reanimação neonatal em cada maternidade. A análise descritiva foi feita por meio do programa Statistical Package for Social Science 10.0. RESULTADOS: 89 por cento das 36 maternidades eram referência para gestação de risco. Cada hospital tinha um número médio mensal de 365 nascimentos (3 por cento < 1.500 g e 15 por cento < 2.500 g). Os 36 hospitais tinham 125 mesas de reanimação (3-4/hospital), todas com calor radiante, fonte de oxigênio e vácuo. Equipamento adequado para ventilação pulmonar estava disponível em mais de 90 por cento das 125 mesas. Em média, um pediatra, três enfermeiras e cinco auxiliares de enfermagem trabalhavam por turno nas salas de parto de cada instituição. Dos 874 pediatras e 1.037 profissionais de enfermagem que atuavam nas salas de parto, 94 por cento e 22 por cento haviam recebido treinamento em reanimação neonatal respectivamente. CONCLUSÕES: As maternidades públicas das capitais brasileiras apresentam salas de parto com infra-estrutura adequada para a reanimação neonatal.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Pregnancy , Asphyxia Neonatorum/therapy , Delivery Rooms/organization & administration , Hospitals, Public/statistics & numerical data , Maternal Health Services/statistics & numerical data , Personnel, Hospital/statistics & numerical data , Resuscitation/statistics & numerical data , Asphyxia Neonatorum/epidemiology , Birth Weight , Brazil , Cities/statistics & numerical data , Cross-Sectional Studies , Delivery Rooms , Delivery Rooms/statistics & numerical data , Hospitals, Maternity , Hospitals, Maternity/statistics & numerical data , Hospitals, Public , Infant Mortality , Intensive Care, Neonatal , Intensive Care, Neonatal/statistics & numerical data , Live Birth , Maternal Health Services , Maternal Health Services/organization & administration , Perinatal Care , Personnel, Hospital/education , Resuscitation/education , Resuscitation/instrumentation
14.
JCPSP-Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan. 2008; 18 (9): 581-583
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-102971

ABSTRACT

A new born baby boy presented with birth asphyxia and respiratory distress. He went into cardiac arrest twice but was resuscitated. On detailed evaluation, he had low set ears and micrognathia with glossoptosis consistent with features of Pierre Robin sequence. Episodes of apnoea disappeared, on nursing, the baby in prone position and later on tongue-lip retention suture were applied. Prompt diagnosis and efficient airway management by following the principles of airway resuscitation can save the lives of such babies without specialized care


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Pierre Robin Syndrome/complications , Pierre Robin Syndrome/therapy , Asphyxia Neonatorum/therapy , Heart Arrest , Micrognathism , Airway Obstruction
15.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 76(3): 275-280, mayo 2005.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-432981

ABSTRACT

El manejo del RN de termino asfixiado, ha mejorado gracias a la mayor disponibilidad de terapia intensiva, sin embargo, es poco lo que se ha progresado en su neuroprotección. Caso clínico: Recién nacido (RN) gravemente asfixiado, sometido a hipotermia corporal total. Madre de 38 años, diabética, inducida a las 38 semanas, desarrolla signos de sufrimiento fetal agudo. Se extrae un recién nacido con un peso de 4.545 g. Apgar 1-3-5. Requiere intubación y ventilación mecánica por apnea, un gas arterial a los 30 min muestra acidosis metabólica severa. A las 2 h de vida presenta signos de encefalopatía hipóxica isquémica grave y depresión difusa del voltaje en el electroencefalograma. Se somete a hipotermia corporal total a una temperatura rectal de 33° C a 34° C, durante 72 h no hubo efectos colaterales importantes. Se da de alta a los 10 días en buenas condiciones neurológicas. El seguimiento se realiza por 2 años. El test de Bailey da un puntaje de 82 en la escala motora y 95 en la escala mental. Este caso demuestra que este tipo de tratamiento es factible de realizar, si se selecciona adecuadamente al paciente, se inicia precozmente y cuentan con las condiciones de equipamiento y enfermería especializadas.


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Female , Infant, Newborn , Asphyxia Neonatorum/therapy , Hypothermia, Induced/methods , Apgar Score , Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain/therapy , Resuscitation
17.
Indian J Pediatr ; 2003 Jul; 70(7): 537-40
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-78550

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to analyze indications, complications, outcome and the factors influencing neonatal mechanical ventilation. METHODS: Prospective observational study conducted on 102 consecutive newborns, who required mechanical ventilation in a medical college tertiary neonatal care setting. RESULTS: The commonest indication was birth asphyxia (37.3%), followed by hyaline membrane disease (HMD) (31.4%), meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) (21.2%), septicemia (14.7%) and apnea of prematurity (5.9%). The overall survival rate in our study was 51%. Babies weighing less than 1.5 kg and less than 32 weeks of gestation had survival rates of 30% and 25% respectively. The best outcome among various indications was observed in babies with MAS (63.6%) followed by pneumonia (62.5%) and HMD (53.1%). Babies with birth asphyxia and septicemia had a low survival rate of only 42% and 40% respectively. The overall complication rate in the study was 58.8%. Common complications encountered were septicemia (42%), tube block (36%) and air leak (15%). CONCLUSION: About half (51%) of newborns requiring mechanical ventilations for various indications survived and more than half (58.8%) developed complications. The study also reconfirms that survival rate increases with birth weight and gestational age irrespective of indication.


Subject(s)
Asphyxia Neonatorum/therapy , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Meconium Aspiration Syndrome/therapy , Prospective Studies , Respiration, Artificial/adverse effects , Treatment Outcome
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